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    Below is an overview of the experiment from TCR/BCR nucleotides to reads to clonotypes. Yellow tabs represent information on the pipeline which includes the Cellecta DriverMap Adaptive Immune Receptor (AIR) which provides a description of the DriverMap AIR assay and Bioinformatics Workflow which provides an in-depth description of the computational workflow.

    The tabs in green represent the experimental data and data analysis. This includes information on DriveMap Adaptive Immune Receptor TCR/BCR Profiling assay which is described in the Experimental Description tab. This tab contain the details on the sample collection all the way to library generation. The Sequencing & Alignment Quality tab contain details on the initial processing of the sequences and quality of reads and success of read alignment to TCR/BCR genes. The Clonotype Summary tab provides an overview of the identified clonotypes within each sample. The analysis of these clonotypes are further broken down into chains (IGH, IGK, IGL, TRAD, TRB and TRG). For each chain relevant to the experiment, a variety of metrics are calculated provide an overall picture of the repertoire characteristics. This includes repertoire statistics, the top clonotypes, clonotype overlaps between samples, gene usage, gene usage overlaps between samples, diversity metrics and kmer analysis.


DriverMap Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire Profiling


    The DriverMap Adaptive Immune Receptor (AIR) Repertoire Profiling Service from Cellecta provides you with a profile of all TCR and BCR CDR3 or full-length variable regions in blood, cell, or RNA samples. With the DriverMap AIR TCR-BCR Profiling Service, you get a larger complement of clonotypes than other similar assays, reproducible and comprehensive coverage from a range of immune sample inputs, including total RNA from whole blood and Rapid, 1-month turnaround from sample submission to an extensive analysis report

    Since T- and B-cells work synergistically in the adaptive immune response, Cellecta has designed an assay that profiles both T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoires in a single convenient reaction. Separate assays specific for T- or B-cell chains are also available. The DriverMap AIR-RNA assay quantifies T-cell and B-cell receptor transcripts. It is designed to specifically amplify only functional RNA molecules from human or mouse TCR and BCR cells, avoiding non-functional pseudogenes with similar structures or full-length variable regions from human RNA molecules enables highly sensitive detection of low-frequency, rare TCR and BCR clonotypes and more comprehensive profiling when working with small samples and limited numbers of cells. The DriverMap AIR-DNA assay amplifies receptor genes directly from genomic DNA. The AIR-DNA assay provides a more quantitative measurement of the genetic copies for each CDR3-specific clonotype which correlates to the number of cells with that clonotype in that sample. This data enables the measurement of clonal expansion in T and B cells. Combining data obtained from both the AIR-DNA and AIR-RNA assays enables assessment of both the transcriptional activation and number of cells with a particular clonotype. The ability to differentiate these two effects provides a quantitative basis to assess antigen-activated clonotypes

    Applications of BCR sequencing: Identify broadly neutralizing antibodies (BNAbs) and map Ig-seq datasets to known antibody structures for antibody and vaccine development, Track B-cell migration and development patterns, Find markers of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancers (e.g. B-cell lymphoma), and Contrast naïve and antigenically challenged datasets to understand antibody maturation.

    Applications of TCR sequencing: Track T-cell clonality and diversity for insights into mechanisms of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors for immunotherapies, Assess TCR overlap between repertoires to define spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the anti-tumoral immune response, and Analyze TCR sequence and structure to annotate antigenic specificity for developing personalized cellular immunotherapies


How is the DriverMap AIR Assay Different from other AIR Assays?

    DriverMap™ Multiplex PCR technology uses gene-specific primers which significantly reduce the level of non-specific binding and primer-dimer amplification products, and are designed to target only TCR/BCR isoforms. Unique Molecular Identifiers (UMIs) facilitate accurate quantitation of the copy number of cDNA or DNA molecules in amplification steps, as well as detection of low abundance clonotypes and correction of amplification biases and sequencing errors. Dual-index amplicon labeling strategy minimizes index hopping during NGS allowing for comprehensive readouts. Full profiles of the antigen-recognition CDR3 region enable assessment of CDR3 length distribution, V(D)J segment usage, isotype composition for BCRs, somatic mutations, and similar characteristics with immune receptor profiling software such as MiXCR (MiLabs).

DriverMap Adaptive Imumune Repertoire (AIR) profiling Assay workflow is as follow:

Pipeline


    Below is an overview of the bioinformatics analysis pipeline used on DriverMap Adaptive Immune Receptor (AIR) Sequencing data. MiXCR (Bolotin et al., 2015) is used to align the sequencing reads and identify clonotypes and their abundances. The MiXCR Cellecta DNA or RNA Preset is used to perform the read alignment. After alignment, a variety of repetoire metrics can be calculated from the resulting clonotype abundances. This includes repertoire statistics, the top clonotypes, clonotype overlaps between samples, gene usage, gene usage overlaps between samples, diversity metrics and kmer analysis. This is performed mainly using the Immunarch package alongside a variety of R packages for data visualization.


Experimental Details


    The details of the library generation is described below. The Protocol section describes the sample collection, the profiling assay, PCR amplification, PCR yields, and primer sequences. The PCR Amplification Results section contains the gel image from the PCR. Sample Description section contains the list of samples in the analysis including relevant metadata.



5-20-24. Repeat of 306 and FC1, Immunization-Rx_Alex Chenchik(AC)> AIR-CDR3 vs AIR-CDR1-2-3 profiling in whole blood.

38 Samples – flow cells (#350) > 300-n paired-end read (high-throughput)> NextSeq500

Sample Description > please find in the attached Excel File

Experiment description: This is fourth experiment (repeat of FC298, 306 and FC1) using reduced starting amount of RNA (25 ng vs old 100ng), reduced cycle numbers for Samples 7 (Im1)>4 cycle less, only immunization 1. Goal is to compare CDR1-2-3 vs CDR3 profiling, as previous data show less variability in controls for CDR1-2-3 profiling (FC1, Dongfang data) .

AIR profiling of Whole Blood RNA samples isolated from AC before and after following treatments:

  1. Immunization 1: PPSV23(pneumococcal polysaccharide)plus Td (tetanus+diphteria) vaccine > 4/27/22

  2. Rx treatment against H.Pilory (clarithromycion+larisolorazole+amoxicillin) > 6/21/22

  3. Immunization 2: Shingrix (against shingles, based on recombinant VZV glycoprotein E antigen herpes zoster virus)> 7/15/22

Before and after each treatment we collected blood in 2 Tempus test tubes (3ml). From Tempus test tubes we purified both total RNA (R-T name in the Sample list) and DNA. Please, note that Tempus and AXgene are two main test tubes used for stabilization/collection of whole blood for RNA/DNA purification.

E.g. for most samples we have duplicates (D1 and D2) for the most time points:

1) 4/1/22 > control before any treatment

2) 4/6/22 > control before any treatment

3) 4/26/22 > control before any treatment

- 4/27/22 > Immunization 1

5) 4/29/22 > 2 days after Im1

6) 5/2/22 > 5 days after Im1

7) 5/5/22 > 8 days after Im1 (T/B cell fraction sorting)

8) 5/12/22 > 15 days after Im1

9) 5/19/22 > 22 days after Im1

10) 6/17/22 > control before Rx

Additional “control” AC whole blood samples (first 3 from Alex Chenchik) collected before:

C_R-T_BP > 3/20/22 (back pain condition)

C1_R-T > 1/12/22

C2_R-T > 1/27/22

Observation and Data quality: Yield of amplified NGS PCR products was +/-2-fold for all samples (e.g. it equal to 16x activation for 7) after appr. one week after Im1t > decided to combine all amplified products in equal amount except sample 7 (4x more) in order to “compensate” loss of reads for activated clonotypes and all CDR1-2-3 will 1.5x more than CDR3 (considering differences in amplicon sizes 500bp vs 350bp). No significant background, smear or primer dimers in any samples.

Protocol:

Step 2- RevGSP binding to mRNA. Total RNA (50ng for WB for all AC samples was incubated with mix of Reverse AIR TCR+BCR GSPs (set10 of 6/23/22, final primer concentration is appr. 10nM of each primer) in 20ul of 1xHyb buffer at 70C, 5 min, 60C for 60 min, cool down to 25C. Hybridized RNA-RevGSP products were purified with 1.2 volume (24 ul) of SPRI beads. The bind to beads RNA-RevGSP hybrid was washed by 2x80% ethanol.

Step 2- Rev GSP extension > cDNA synthesis. The washed magnetic beads were resuspended in 45 ul of 1xRT-Ext buffer, dNTP (0.5 mM), reverse transcriptase (RTscript) and RT hot-start aptamer, collect 41 ul without beads and incubated at 50C for 30 min, and 72C for 10min.

Step 3. Fwd GSP extension. cDNA product (in 40 ul) was splitted for two test tubes and extended by adding 20 ul of master mix with pool of Forward AIR CDR1-2-3 TCR+BCR or AIR CDR3 TCR+BCR GSPs (10 nM final concentration of the each primer)and incubated 98C, 1min, 68C, 10 min and treated with 2 ul of ExoI, 37C, 20min, 95C,5min.

Step 4-1st PCR. FwdGSP-extended cDNA was diluted in PCR master mix (60ul), and anchored cDNA fragments were amplified in 100-ul of Multiplex DNA polymerase reaction mix with universal anchor PCR primers for 19 (most samples) or 15 (sample 7) cycles.

Step 5-2nd PCR. 2ul aliquotes of 1st PCR were added in 96-well plate with 50ul master mix for 2nd PCR step (each well has unique Dual Nextera Index primers) and amplified using unique combination of Nextera Fwd-P5-Index and Rev-P7-Index for 8 cycles, treated with ExoI (1-ul) at 37C for 30min. PCR products were analyzed in Fragment analyzer (see attached file), combined at equal amount, except sample 7 (4x) and all CDR1-2-3 were 1.5x more than CDR3, purified using AMPpure magnetic beads (1.5X volume). The purified cDNA products were quantitated by Qubit fluorescence measurement, and diluted to 10 nM (2.1 ng/ul) for next-generation sequencing using NextSeq500.

Program:

Read1:eSeqDNA-Fwd>148c; Ind1:eSeqIND-Fwd>10c; Ind2:eSeqIND-Rev>10c;Read2: eSeqDNA-Rev>148c.

DriverMap AIR assay Amplicon Structure

eSeqDNA-Fwd

FP5  UDPIndex10 AGCAGCAGCACCGACCAGCAGACA F ACGGCGACCACCGAGATCTACACNNNNNNNNNNAGCAGCAGCACCGACCAGCAGACA-GSP-DNA-

TGCCGCTGGTGGCTCTAGATGTGNNNNNNNNNNTCGTCGTCGTGGCTGGTCGTCTGT-GSP-DNA-

TCGTCGTCGTGGCTGGTCGTCTGT

eSeqIND-Rev

eSeqIND-Fwd

UMI14 TCTGTGCTGGTCGGTGCTCGTCGT

-DNA-GSP-NNNNNNNNNNNNNN-TCTGTGCTGGTCGGTGCTCGTCGTNNNNNNNNNNTATCTCGTATGCCGTCTTCTGCT

-DNA-GSP-NNNNNNNNNNNNNN-AGACACGACCAGCCACGAGCAGCANNNNNNNNNNATAGAGCATACGGCAGAAGACGA

R AGACACGACCAGCCACGAGCAGCA UDPIndex10 RP7

eSeqDNA-Rev





The following samples are included in the analysis.

Samples Sample_Source Preset Experiment Species Condition
Control_1 Control_1 cellecta-human-rna-xcr-umi-drivermap-air CDR3 hsa Control
Control_2 Control_2 cellecta-human-rna-xcr-umi-drivermap-air CDR3 hsa Control
Control_3 Control_3 cellecta-human-rna-xcr-umi-drivermap-air CDR3 hsa Control
Immunized_Day5_1 Immunized_Day5_1 cellecta-human-rna-xcr-umi-drivermap-air CDR3 hsa PPSV23+Td_Immunized
Immunized_Day5_2 Immunized_Day5_2 cellecta-human-rna-xcr-umi-drivermap-air CDR3 hsa PPSV23+Td_Immunized
Immunized_Day8_1 Immunized_Day8_1 cellecta-human-rna-xcr-umi-drivermap-air CDR3 hsa PPSV23+Td_Immunized
Immunized_Day8_2 Immunized_Day8_2 cellecta-human-rna-xcr-umi-drivermap-air CDR3 hsa PPSV23+Td_Immunized


Sequencing and Alignment Quality


    This section contains an overview of the quality of read sequencing and alignment. The sequencing section outlines the total number of sequences in each sample, as well as FastQC metrics which are relevant to DriverMap AIR libraries. The alignment section outlines the alignment of the samples to the reference genome. Highlighted in this section are successful alignments, non-TCR/IG alignments, reads with no V and/or J hits, reads with no CDR3 regions, reads with no barcodes, etc. Lastly, the reads per UMI filter section shows the histogram generated by MiXCR which shows the number of reads per UMI. A cut-off threshold marked in a red dotted line is used to filter out erroneous UMI prior to downstream analysis.

    fastqc is used to determine the quality of the sequences. A variety of metrics are curated by the software to determine whether the samples are suited for downstream bioinformatic analysis. Each metric is deemed to PASS, WARN or FAIL indicating the success, requirement for some concern, or that the sample needs to be evaluated more carefully. Note that the quality metrics were designed for generic purposes. For further explanation on each metric, see the following article (external source):


mixcr_qc_report.knit


Sequencing Statistics

sample pct.gc tot.seq seq.length
Control_1_S20_R1_001 58 8952881 308
Control_1_S20_R2_001 57 8952881 308
Control_2_S21_R1_001 57 7328409 308
Control_2_S21_R2_001 57 7328409 308
Control_3_S28_R1_001 58 7205548 308
Control_3_S28_R2_001 57 7205548 308
Immunized_Day5_1_S24_R1_001 57 11659613 308
Immunized_Day5_1_S24_R2_001 57 11659613 308
Immunized_Day5_2_S31_R1_001 57 10644001 308
Immunized_Day5_2_S31_R2_001 57 10644001 308
Immunized_Day8_1_S25_R1_001 58 27375362 308
Immunized_Day8_1_S25_R2_001 57 27375362 308
Immunized_Day8_2_S32_R1_001 57 25610902 308
Immunized_Day8_2_S32_R2_001 57 25610902 308


pct.gc = GC Percentage
tot.seq = Total Number of Reads
seq.length = Sequencing Length (NT)

Poor quality samples

sample nb_problems module
Control_1_S20_R1_001 1 Adapter Content
Control_1_S20_R2_001 1 Adapter Content
Control_2_S21_R1_001 1 Adapter Content
Control_2_S21_R2_001 1 Adapter Content
Control_3_S28_R1_001 1 Adapter Content
Control_3_S28_R2_001 1 Adapter Content
Immunized_Day5_1_S24_R1_001 1 Adapter Content
Immunized_Day5_1_S24_R2_001 1 Adapter Content
Immunized_Day5_2_S31_R1_001 1 Adapter Content
Immunized_Day5_2_S31_R2_001 1 Adapter Content
Immunized_Day8_1_S25_R1_001 1 Adapter Content
Immunized_Day8_1_S25_R2_001 1 Adapter Content
Immunized_Day8_2_S32_R1_001 1 Adapter Content
Immunized_Day8_2_S32_R2_001 1 Adapter Content


nb_problems = Number of criteria that failed
module = List of criteria that failed

Summary of FastQC Calls

Control_1_S20_R1_001 Control_1_S20_R2_001 Control_2_S21_R1_001 Control_2_S21_R2_001 Control_3_S28_R1_001 Control_3_S28_R2_001 Immunized_Day5_1_S24_R1_001 Immunized_Day5_1_S24_R2_001 Immunized_Day5_2_S31_R1_001 Immunized_Day5_2_S31_R2_001 Immunized_Day8_1_S25_R1_001 Immunized_Day8_1_S25_R2_001 Immunized_Day8_2_S32_R1_001 Immunized_Day8_2_S32_R2_001
Basic Statistics PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS
Per base sequence quality PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS
Per tile sequence quality WARN WARN WARN WARN WARN WARN WARN WARN WARN WARN WARN WARN WARN WARN
Per sequence quality scores PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS
Per base N content PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS
Sequence Length Distribution PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS PASS
Adapter Content FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL FAIL



MiXCR Alignment Calls

Control_1 Control_2 Control_3 Immunized_Day5_1 Immunized_Day5_2 Immunized_Day8_1 Immunized_Day8_2
Successfully aligned reads: OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Off target (non TCR/IG) reads: OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Reads with no V or J hits: OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Reads with no barcode: OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Overlapped paired-end reads: OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Alignments that do not cover VDJRegion: NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Tag groups that do not cover VDJRegion: NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Barcode collisions in clonotype assembly: OK OK OK OK OK ALERT ALERT
Unassigned alignments in clonotype assembly: OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Reads used in clonotypes: OK OK OK OK OK WARN WARN
Alignments dropped due to low sequence quality: OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Alignments clustered in PCR error correction: NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Clonotypes clustered in PCR error correction: NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Clones dropped in post-filtering: OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Alignments dropped in clones post-filtering: OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Reads dropped in tags error correction and filtering: OK OK OK OK OK WARN ALERT
UMIs artificial diversity eliminated: OK OK WARN OK OK OK OK
Reads dropped in UMI error correction and whitelist: OK OK OK OK OK OK OK
Reads dropped in tags filtering: OK OK OK OK OK WARN ALERT


MiXCR Alignment Statistics

Control_1 Control_2 Control_3 Immunized_Day5_1 Immunized_Day5_2 Immunized_Day8_1 Immunized_Day8_2
Successfully aligned reads: 99.15% 99.01% 99.0% 99.21% 99.22% 99.55% 99.56%
Off target (non TCR/IG) reads: 0.11% 0.12% 0.11% 0.11% 0.1% 0.11% 0.1%
Reads with no V or J hits: 0.73% 0.86% 0.88% 0.67% 0.68% 0.33% 0.33%
Reads with no barcode: 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Overlapped paired-end reads: 99.5% 99.55% 99.51% 99.51% 99.52% 99.47% 99.47%
Alignments that do not cover VDJRegion: NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Tag groups that do not cover VDJRegion: NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Barcode collisions in clonotype assembly: 0.28% 0.28% 0.24% 0.6% 0.72% 14.98% 15.81%
Unassigned alignments in clonotype assembly: 0.45% 0.41% 0.44% 0.53% 0.52% 2.6% 2.66%
Reads used in clonotypes: 97.59% 97.3% 97.32% 97.4% 96.81% 87.79% 85.0%
Alignments dropped due to low sequence quality: 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Alignments clustered in PCR error correction: NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Clonotypes clustered in PCR error correction: NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Clones dropped in post-filtering: 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Alignments dropped in clones post-filtering: 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%
Reads dropped in tags error correction and filtering: 0.74% 0.92% 0.86% 0.96% 1.56% 9.19% 11.0%
UMIs artificial diversity eliminated: 28.45% 26.29% 31.44% 25.36% 21.65% 8.1% 7.81%
Reads dropped in UMI error correction and whitelist: 0.27% 0.28% 0.26% 0.25% 0.3% 0.53% 0.59%
Reads dropped in tags filtering: 0.47% 0.64% 0.59% 0.71% 1.26% 8.66% 10.41%


Alignment Percentages



MiXCR automatically sets a filter to identify UMIs that attain a sufficient number of reads to be called real. Shown below are the number of samples with a given number of reads per UMI. In the dotted red line is the filter applied for that particular sample.

Sample: Control_1

Sample: Control_2

Sample: Control_3

Sample: Immunized_Day5_1

Sample: Immunized_Day5_2

Sample: Immunized_Day8_1

Sample: Immunized_Day8_2

clonotype_summary.knit

Clonotypes Overview


This section contains an overview of the clonotypes identified in all the datasets across all receptor chain types.

Chain Usage Summary


This section counts the number of reads (nRead) and the number of clonotypes (nClons) in each dataset. The number of clonotypes is further broken down into the receptor chain type to display the repertoire chain composition.

Samples nRead nClons IGH IGK IGL TRA TRB TRD TRG
Control_1 8952881 98216 21390 9896 11301 22996 31730 271 632
Control_2 7328409 97340 20169 9600 10761 23382 32609 244 574
Control_3 7205548 82635 17026 8137 8732 19783 28307 193 457
Immunized_Day5_1 11659613 120534 24569 11409 12652 29417 41619 243 625
Immunized_Day5_2 10644001 137955 27631 12229 13701 34281 49182 312 618
Immunized_Day8_1 27375362 95489 23479 11088 13193 20047 26907 232 543
Immunized_Day8_2 25610902 96094 23480 11246 13451 20180 26985 213 539


Total Number of Clonotypes



Chain Composition in the Repertoire



immunarch_markdown.knit

IGH



Repertoire Statistics


This section shows repertoire statistical measures in each sample. Described in this section are the total number of unique clonotypes, the sum of all UMI counts for each clonotype, the distribution of clonotype abundance, and the distribution of clonotype CDR3 length.


Unique clonotype in each sample


Total clonotype counts in each sample


Clonotype Abundance



CDR3 Region Length



Top Clonotypes


This section outlines the most abundant clonotypes across the entire dataset. It takes the top 100 most abundant clonotypes. These 100 clonotype are identified by first taking the mean of their frequency across all datasets and then sorting them in descending order. The top 100 are plotted on a heatmap. For visualization purposes, the top 20 clonotypes are plotted as a barplot. The final plot in this section shows the percent occupancy of clonotype indices 1-10, 11-100, 101-500, etc.


Most Abundant Clonotypes



Frequency of Most Abundant Clonotypes



Top 20 Clonotypes



Repertoire Space by Clonotype Index



Repertoire Overlap


This section shows overlap of repertoires between samples. The two metrics used are the overlap of public (or shared) clonotypes and the Morisita overlap index.



Gene Usage Statistics


This section quantifies the usage of receptor genes in the repertoire. The first figure identifies the top 10 used genes by taking the mean value of usage of each gene across datasets and ranking the genes based on this mean value. The accompanying table includes the usage of all observed receptor genes.


Top 10 Used Genes



Gene Usage


Table: The values correspond to the frequency of usage for each gene in each sample. The rows are ordered to show more frequently used genes first.



Gene Usage Overlap


This section quantifies the similarity of gene usage across the samples. The metrics used are the Jensen-Shannon Divergence, which measures the dissimilarity between samples, and the gene usage correlation.




Diversity Metrics


This section quantifies commonly used metrics in species (i.e. clonotype) diversity. Displayed here are the Chao1 diversity index, the D50 diversity index and the true diversity measure.




Kmer Analysis


This section identifies highly represented kmers (5-mer) across all repertoires. The top kmers are identified as the most abundant kmers across the entire experiment.


Top 20 kmers visualized



Top 100 Kmer abundance


Table: Each value is the calculated number of times each kmer is present in each sample. The rows are ordered to show more frequently identified kmers first.


immunarch_markdown.knit

IGK



Repertoire Statistics


This section shows repertoire statistical measures in each sample. Described in this section are the total number of unique clonotypes, the sum of all UMI counts for each clonotype, the distribution of clonotype abundance, and the distribution of clonotype CDR3 length.


Unique clonotype in each sample


Total clonotype counts in each sample


Clonotype Abundance



CDR3 Region Length



Top Clonotypes


This section outlines the most abundant clonotypes across the entire dataset. It takes the top 100 most abundant clonotypes. These 100 clonotype are identified by first taking the mean of their frequency across all datasets and then sorting them in descending order. The top 100 are plotted on a heatmap. For visualization purposes, the top 20 clonotypes are plotted as a barplot. The final plot in this section shows the percent occupancy of clonotype indices 1-10, 11-100, 101-500, etc.


Most Abundant Clonotypes



Frequency of Most Abundant Clonotypes



Top 20 Clonotypes



Repertoire Space by Clonotype Index



Repertoire Overlap


This section shows overlap of repertoires between samples. The two metrics used are the overlap of public (or shared) clonotypes and the Morisita overlap index.



Gene Usage Statistics


This section quantifies the usage of receptor genes in the repertoire. The first figure identifies the top 10 used genes by taking the mean value of usage of each gene across datasets and ranking the genes based on this mean value. The accompanying table includes the usage of all observed receptor genes.


Top 10 Used Genes



Gene Usage


Table: The values correspond to the frequency of usage for each gene in each sample. The rows are ordered to show more frequently used genes first.



Gene Usage Overlap


This section quantifies the similarity of gene usage across the samples. The metrics used are the Jensen-Shannon Divergence, which measures the dissimilarity between samples, and the gene usage correlation.




Diversity Metrics


This section quantifies commonly used metrics in species (i.e. clonotype) diversity. Displayed here are the Chao1 diversity index, the D50 diversity index and the true diversity measure.




Kmer Analysis


This section identifies highly represented kmers (5-mer) across all repertoires. The top kmers are identified as the most abundant kmers across the entire experiment.


Top 20 kmers visualized



Top 100 Kmer abundance


Table: Each value is the calculated number of times each kmer is present in each sample. The rows are ordered to show more frequently identified kmers first.


immunarch_markdown.knit

IGL



Repertoire Statistics


This section shows repertoire statistical measures in each sample. Described in this section are the total number of unique clonotypes, the sum of all UMI counts for each clonotype, the distribution of clonotype abundance, and the distribution of clonotype CDR3 length.


Unique clonotype in each sample


Total clonotype counts in each sample


Clonotype Abundance



CDR3 Region Length



Top Clonotypes


This section outlines the most abundant clonotypes across the entire dataset. It takes the top 100 most abundant clonotypes. These 100 clonotype are identified by first taking the mean of their frequency across all datasets and then sorting them in descending order. The top 100 are plotted on a heatmap. For visualization purposes, the top 20 clonotypes are plotted as a barplot. The final plot in this section shows the percent occupancy of clonotype indices 1-10, 11-100, 101-500, etc.


Most Abundant Clonotypes



Frequency of Most Abundant Clonotypes



Top 20 Clonotypes



Repertoire Space by Clonotype Index



Repertoire Overlap


This section shows overlap of repertoires between samples. The two metrics used are the overlap of public (or shared) clonotypes and the Morisita overlap index.



Gene Usage Statistics


This section quantifies the usage of receptor genes in the repertoire. The first figure identifies the top 10 used genes by taking the mean value of usage of each gene across datasets and ranking the genes based on this mean value. The accompanying table includes the usage of all observed receptor genes.


Top 10 Used Genes



Gene Usage


Table: The values correspond to the frequency of usage for each gene in each sample. The rows are ordered to show more frequently used genes first.



Gene Usage Overlap


This section quantifies the similarity of gene usage across the samples. The metrics used are the Jensen-Shannon Divergence, which measures the dissimilarity between samples, and the gene usage correlation.




Diversity Metrics


This section quantifies commonly used metrics in species (i.e. clonotype) diversity. Displayed here are the Chao1 diversity index, the D50 diversity index and the true diversity measure.




Kmer Analysis


This section identifies highly represented kmers (5-mer) across all repertoires. The top kmers are identified as the most abundant kmers across the entire experiment.


Top 20 kmers visualized



Top 100 Kmer abundance


Table: Each value is the calculated number of times each kmer is present in each sample. The rows are ordered to show more frequently identified kmers first.


immunarch_markdown.knit

TRAD



Repertoire Statistics


This section shows repertoire statistical measures in each sample. Described in this section are the total number of unique clonotypes, the sum of all UMI counts for each clonotype, the distribution of clonotype abundance, and the distribution of clonotype CDR3 length.


Unique clonotype in each sample


Total clonotype counts in each sample


Clonotype Abundance



CDR3 Region Length



Top Clonotypes


This section outlines the most abundant clonotypes across the entire dataset. It takes the top 100 most abundant clonotypes. These 100 clonotype are identified by first taking the mean of their frequency across all datasets and then sorting them in descending order. The top 100 are plotted on a heatmap. For visualization purposes, the top 20 clonotypes are plotted as a barplot. The final plot in this section shows the percent occupancy of clonotype indices 1-10, 11-100, 101-500, etc.


Most Abundant Clonotypes



Frequency of Most Abundant Clonotypes



Top 20 Clonotypes



Repertoire Space by Clonotype Index



Repertoire Overlap


This section shows overlap of repertoires between samples. The two metrics used are the overlap of public (or shared) clonotypes and the Morisita overlap index.



Gene Usage Statistics


This section quantifies the usage of receptor genes in the repertoire. The first figure identifies the top 10 used genes by taking the mean value of usage of each gene across datasets and ranking the genes based on this mean value. The accompanying table includes the usage of all observed receptor genes.


Top 10 Used Genes



Gene Usage


Table: The values correspond to the frequency of usage for each gene in each sample. The rows are ordered to show more frequently used genes first.



Gene Usage Overlap


This section quantifies the similarity of gene usage across the samples. The metrics used are the Jensen-Shannon Divergence, which measures the dissimilarity between samples, and the gene usage correlation.




Diversity Metrics


This section quantifies commonly used metrics in species (i.e. clonotype) diversity. Displayed here are the Chao1 diversity index, the D50 diversity index and the true diversity measure.




Kmer Analysis


This section identifies highly represented kmers (5-mer) across all repertoires. The top kmers are identified as the most abundant kmers across the entire experiment.


Top 20 kmers visualized



Top 100 Kmer abundance


Table: Each value is the calculated number of times each kmer is present in each sample. The rows are ordered to show more frequently identified kmers first.


immunarch_markdown.knit

TRB



Repertoire Statistics


This section shows repertoire statistical measures in each sample. Described in this section are the total number of unique clonotypes, the sum of all UMI counts for each clonotype, the distribution of clonotype abundance, and the distribution of clonotype CDR3 length.


Unique clonotype in each sample


Total clonotype counts in each sample


Clonotype Abundance



CDR3 Region Length



Top Clonotypes


This section outlines the most abundant clonotypes across the entire dataset. It takes the top 100 most abundant clonotypes. These 100 clonotype are identified by first taking the mean of their frequency across all datasets and then sorting them in descending order. The top 100 are plotted on a heatmap. For visualization purposes, the top 20 clonotypes are plotted as a barplot. The final plot in this section shows the percent occupancy of clonotype indices 1-10, 11-100, 101-500, etc.


Most Abundant Clonotypes



Frequency of Most Abundant Clonotypes



Top 20 Clonotypes



Repertoire Space by Clonotype Index



Repertoire Overlap


This section shows overlap of repertoires between samples. The two metrics used are the overlap of public (or shared) clonotypes and the Morisita overlap index.



Gene Usage Statistics


This section quantifies the usage of receptor genes in the repertoire. The first figure identifies the top 10 used genes by taking the mean value of usage of each gene across datasets and ranking the genes based on this mean value. The accompanying table includes the usage of all observed receptor genes.


Top 10 Used Genes



Gene Usage


Table: The values correspond to the frequency of usage for each gene in each sample. The rows are ordered to show more frequently used genes first.



Gene Usage Overlap


This section quantifies the similarity of gene usage across the samples. The metrics used are the Jensen-Shannon Divergence, which measures the dissimilarity between samples, and the gene usage correlation.




Diversity Metrics


This section quantifies commonly used metrics in species (i.e. clonotype) diversity. Displayed here are the Chao1 diversity index, the D50 diversity index and the true diversity measure.




Kmer Analysis


This section identifies highly represented kmers (5-mer) across all repertoires. The top kmers are identified as the most abundant kmers across the entire experiment.


Top 20 kmers visualized



Top 100 Kmer abundance


Table: Each value is the calculated number of times each kmer is present in each sample. The rows are ordered to show more frequently identified kmers first.


immunarch_markdown.knit

TRG



Repertoire Statistics


This section shows repertoire statistical measures in each sample. Described in this section are the total number of unique clonotypes, the sum of all UMI counts for each clonotype, the distribution of clonotype abundance, and the distribution of clonotype CDR3 length.


Unique clonotype in each sample


Total clonotype counts in each sample


Clonotype Abundance



CDR3 Region Length



Top Clonotypes


This section outlines the most abundant clonotypes across the entire dataset. It takes the top 100 most abundant clonotypes. These 100 clonotype are identified by first taking the mean of their frequency across all datasets and then sorting them in descending order. The top 100 are plotted on a heatmap. For visualization purposes, the top 20 clonotypes are plotted as a barplot. The final plot in this section shows the percent occupancy of clonotype indices 1-10, 11-100, 101-500, etc.


Most Abundant Clonotypes



Frequency of Most Abundant Clonotypes



Top 20 Clonotypes



Repertoire Space by Clonotype Index



Repertoire Overlap


This section shows overlap of repertoires between samples. The two metrics used are the overlap of public (or shared) clonotypes and the Morisita overlap index.



Gene Usage Statistics


This section quantifies the usage of receptor genes in the repertoire. The first figure identifies the top 10 used genes by taking the mean value of usage of each gene across datasets and ranking the genes based on this mean value. The accompanying table includes the usage of all observed receptor genes.


Top 10 Used Genes



Gene Usage


Table: The values correspond to the frequency of usage for each gene in each sample. The rows are ordered to show more frequently used genes first.



Gene Usage Overlap


This section quantifies the similarity of gene usage across the samples. The metrics used are the Jensen-Shannon Divergence, which measures the dissimilarity between samples, and the gene usage correlation.




Diversity Metrics


This section quantifies commonly used metrics in species (i.e. clonotype) diversity. Displayed here are the Chao1 diversity index, the D50 diversity index and the true diversity measure.




Kmer Analysis


This section identifies highly represented kmers (5-mer) across all repertoires. The top kmers are identified as the most abundant kmers across the entire experiment.


Top 20 kmers visualized



Top 100 Kmer abundance


Table: Each value is the calculated number of times each kmer is present in each sample. The rows are ordered to show more frequently identified kmers first.


Appendix


Methods of unzip compressed files

   Compressed files in the format of *.gz:

      Unix/Linux/Mac user use “gzip *.gz” command

      Windows user use uncompressed software such as WinRAR, 7-Zip et al

   Compressed files in the format of *.zip:

      Unix/Linux/Mac user use “unzip *.zip” command

      Windows user use uncompressed software such as WinRAR, 7-Zip et al

How to operate different format data files

   *.fastq reads sequence file, in the format of fasta. it is not easy to open since it is a large big file.

      Unix/Linux/Mac users use less or more commands;

      Windows users use editor Editplus/Notepad++ et al

   .xls,.txt, *.tsv table result file; files are separated by(Tab)

      Unix/Linux/Mac users use “less” or “more” commands

      Windows users use editor Editplus/Notepad++ et al, also can use Microsoft Excel to open.

Software catalog:

   FastQC v0.11.9

   MiXCR v4.5.0

   R V4.3.1

Reference

   Cock P J A, Fields C J, Goto N, et al. (2010). The Sanger FASTQ file format for sequences with quality scores, and the Solexa/Illumina FASTQ variants. Nucleic acids research 38, 1767-1771. (FASTQ)

   Bolotin DA, Poslavsky S, Mitrophanov I, Shugay M, Mamedov IZ, et al. (2015) MiXCR: software for comprehensive adaptive immunity profiling. Nat Methods 12: 380.381. 10.1038/nmeth.3364

   Shugay M, Bagaev D V., Turchaninova M a., Bolotin D a., Britanova O V., Putintseva E V., et al. VDJtools: unifying post-analysis of T cell receptor repertoires. PLoS Comput Biol 2015;11:e1004503

   Erlich Y, Mitra PP, delaBastide M, et al. (2008). Alta-Cyclic: a self-optimizing base caller for next-generation sequencing.Nat Methods. 2008 Aug;5(8):679-82.(sequencing error rate distribution)

   Jiang L, Schlesinger F, Davis CA, et al. (2011). Synthetic spike-in standards for RNA-seq experiments.Genome Res. 2011 Sep;21(9):1543-51. (sequencing error rate distribution)

   König, J., Zarnack, K., Rot, G., et al. (2010). iCLIP reveals the function of hnRNP particles in splicing at individual nucleotide resolution. Nature structural & molecular biology, 17(7), 909-915.

   Parekh, S., Ziegenhain, C., Vieth, B., et al. (2016). The impact of amplification on differential expression analyses by RNA-seq. Scientific reports, 6(1), 1-11.

   Fu, Y., Wu, P. H., Beane, T., et al. (2018). Elimination of PCR duplicates in RNA-seq and small RNA-seq using unique molecular identifiers. Bmc Genomics, 19(1), 1-14.

   Kennedy, S. R., Schmitt, M. W., Fox, E. J., et al. (2014). Detecting ultralow-frequency mutations by Duplex Sequencing. Nature protocols, 9(11), 2586-2606.

   Smith, T., Heger, A., & Sudbery, I. (2017). UMI-tools: modeling sequencing errors in Unique Molecular Identifiers to improve quantification accuracy. Genome research, 27(3), 491-499.


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